Year: 2018

Seminar of Lionel MOREL (CEA Grenoble) on October 18th at 2pm

The next CITI seminar will take place on October 18 th, at 2pm. This seminar entitled “Polen: une approche SW/HW pour la confidentialité des programmes et des données” will be presented by our former colleague Lionel MOREL from CEA Grenoble.

Titre : Polen: une approche SW/HW pour la confidentialité des programmes et des données.

Résumé : D’aucuns voudraient connecter un nombre grandissant d’objets, entre eux, mais aussi au réseau internet, pour permettre la collecte d’un nombre toujours plus grand d’informations et réaliser ainsi l’augmentation de nos vies jusque-là visiblement sous-dimensionnées. Mais connecter des objets, y stocker des informations personnelles, tout en les rendant accessibles facilement au reste du monde ouvre la voie à toute une série d’usages dangereux pour nos données et nous-mêmes.

Les approches de protection matérielles traditionnellement utilisées (eg pour la carte à puce) sont certes très efficaces, mais elles sont également très coûteuses en développement, en certification, et en déploiement. Au CEA, nous étudions comment des approches logicielles peuvent venir en complément de ces approches matérielles pour augmenter le niveau de confiance placé dans l’objet tout en limitant les coûts et en flexibilisant l’application des protections.

Dans cet exposé, je présenterai un cas particulier d’approche mêlant contre-mesures matérielles et logicielles, que nous développons actuellement. Il sera question d’attaques par canaux cachés, de reverse-engineering (un peu) de compilation dynamique, de chiffrement de code (plus), de pompe à insuline et de lampes connectées aussi, et de fin du monde peut-être.

Bio : Après une thèse sur les langages de programmation dédiés aux systèmes critiques, soutenue à Verimag en 2005 et quelques voyages scientifico-culturels en Bretagne et Finlande, Lionel Morel a intégré l’INSA Lyon en 2007 et le CITI en 2009. Il y a mené des travaux de recherche entre autres sur la programmation et l’évaluation de performances de machines parallèles, tout en enseignant les systèmes d’exploitations, l’architecture des ordinateurs et la compilation. Depuis 2017, il est détaché auprès du CEA, à Grenoble, où il travaille sur l’usage de la compilation pour la sécurité.


PhD Defence: “Ultra Narrow Band based IoT networks”, Yuqi MO, Amphitheater, Chappe Building, 26th of September 2018, at 14h00

Title

Ultra Narrow Band based IoT networks

Abstract

Sigfox rises as a promising candidate dedicated for long-distance and low-power transmissions in the IoT backgrounds. Ultra Narrow Band (UNB), being the communication technology chosen by Sigfox, allows to transmit information through signals whose bandwidth is very limited, typically 100 Hz. Due to the imprecision restraint on electronic devices, it is impossible to transmit UNB signals in orthogonal channels. The natural radio access for this kind of system is thus random ALOHA, in both time and frequency domain. This random access can induce collisions which degrades the networks performance.

The aim of this thesis is to characterize the capacity of UNB based networks, as well as to enhance its performance, by considering the randomness in time and frequency.

The first contribution of the thesis, is the theoretical and numerical capacity evaluation under idealized and realistic channel conditions, for mono base station (BS) case. Under idealized conditions, we have quantified this capacity for generalized ALOHA case and extended for replications. We highlight the time-frequency duality in UNB systems, and that there exists an optimum replication number for a given network parameter set.

Under realistic conditions, we have taken into account the specific spectral interference of UNB systems and propagation path loss (without and with Rayleigh fading) to characterize the performance, with the aid of stochastic geometry.

The second contribution is the enhancement of UNB network performance in single BS case. We propose to use successive interference cancellation (SIC) in UNB networks, which allows to mitigate the interference. We have provided a theoretical analysis by considering both SIC and the spectral interference, for mono-BS case. We bring to light the efficiency of SIC in enhancing UNB system performance.

The third contribution is the improvement of UNB systems, by exploiting the multiple BS diversity. An analytical performance evaluation considering the simplest selection combining is conducted. In particular, we consider the interference viewed by all the BSs are correlated. Then we apply more complex signal combining technologies such as MRC (max ratio combining) and EGC (equal gain combining), and even interference cancellation across multi-BS in UNB networks. We evaluate the performance improvement that each technology can bring, and compare them with each other. We highlight the efficiency of these multi-BS technologies which allow us to achieve significant performance enhancement compared to mono-BS (e.x. 125 times better performance with global SIC).

Last but not least, we experimentally verify the the spectral interference model and network capacity on a cognitive radio testbed.

Jury

  • Mr. ANTON-HARO Carles, Directeur de Recherch, à Centre technology de Telecommunications de Catalunya (Reviewer)
  • Mr. DI RENZO Marco, HDR à Université Paris-Saclay (Reviewer)
  • Mme. HELARD Maryline, Professeur à l’INSA-Rennes (Member)
  • Mr. VERDONE Roberto, Professeur à University of Bologna (Member)
  • Mr. GORCE Jean-Marie, Professeur à l’INSA-Lyon (Supervisor)
  • Mme. GOURSAUD Claire, HDR à l’INSA-Lyon (Co-Supervisor)

 


CITI Talk: “Source coding under massive random access: theory and applications”, Aline Roumy (INRIA Rennes), Wednesday, September 12th at 11am in TD-C

TITLE: Source coding under massive random access: theory and applications.

Date – 12/09/18,11h-12h, TD-C.

ABSTRACT:
In this presentation we will introduce a novel source coding problem allowing massive random access to large databases. Indeed, we consider a database that is so large that, to be stored on a single server, the data have to be compressed efficiently, meaning that the redundancy/correlation between the data have to be exploited. The dataset is then stored on a server and made available to users that maywant to access only a subset of the data. Such a request for a subset of the data is indeed random, since the choice of the subset is user-dependent. Finally, massive requests are made, meaning that, upon request, the server can only perform low complexity operations (such as bit extraction but no decompression/compression).
After describing the problem, information theoretical bounds of the source coding problem will be derived. Then two applications will be presented: Free-viewpoint Television (FTV) and massive requests to a database collecting data from a large-scale sensor network (such as Smart Cities).

BIO:
Aline Roumy received the Engineering degree from Ecole Nationale Superieure de l’Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA), France in 1996, the Master degree in 1997 and the Ph.D. degree in 2000 from the University of Cergy-Pontoise, France. During 2000-2001, she was a research associate at Princeton University, Princeton, NJ. OnNovember 2001,she joined INRIA, Rennes, France as a research scientist. She has held visiting positions at Eurecom and Berkeley University. She serves as an Associate Editor for the Annals of telecommunications. Her current research and study interests include the area of statistical signal and image processing, coding theory and information theory. She is currently leading a project entitled Interactive Communication (InterCom) on Massive random access to subsets of compressed correlated data, and supported by the French Cominlabs excellence laboratory.


PhD position in Low Power Wide Area Networks at Agora team (CITI Lab, INRIA Grenoble)

Subject

We live in a world where technology is advancing at a very fast pace. The current wireless scene includes a multitude of technologies that co-exist in the same environment. New long-range technologies (e.g., Sigfox, LoRa, NB-IoT) manage to transmit small data packets over several kilometers, while consuming just a few mA. Due to the low price of these radio chips, and the simplicity of the network architecture, network operators around the world are deploying these new technologies, as it helps them avoid the classical multi-hop wireless networks that are expensive to build and maintain. However, if deployments continue at the current rate, it will considerably increase the density of devices, which will become very challenging both from a network infrastructure and data collection perspectives. This thesis tackles the problem of how to create a reliable and energy efficient long-range network of millions of devices.

For more details and application, please use this link: https://jobs.inria.fr/public/classic/fr/offres/2018-00681

Applications received outside this system will not be considered.

Supervisor

Oana Iova
Associate Professor (Maître de conférences)
INSA Lyon – INRIA Agora research group
http://perso.citi.insa-lyon.fr/oiova/


CITI Talk: “IF Neuron: theoretical study and application to digital communication”, Anne Savard (Associate Professor, IMT Lille), July 9th, at 10:30 am in TD-D room

Title

IF Neuron: theoretical study and application to digital communication

Abstract

In the context of digital communication, one main mechanism proposed in the literature to overcome the large consumption of MAC layers when establishing communications is called wake-up radio: The main processor is only waking up when receiving a specific signal, as for instance the node ID in the network. Unfortunately, since most of the wake-up receivers rely on standard micro-controller, they suffer a large decrease of energy efficiency. Nevertheless, if the wake-up receivers was designed with neuromorphic circuits, one could achieve high energy efficiency for IoT and ad hoc networks.

The main question that is tackled in this presentation is whether a neuro-inspired detection scheme using an Integrate-and-Fire neuron is reliable enough when one needs to detect a weak signal surrounded by noise.

Biography

Anne Savard received the Eng. degree in Electrical Engineering with specialization in Multimedia Systems from the Ecole Nationale Supérieure de l’Electronique et de ses Applications (ENSEA), Cergy-Pontoise, France, and the M.Sc. degree in Intelligent and Communicating Systems from Univeristé Cergy-Pontoise, both in 2012.

From October 2012to September 2015,she was a PhD student at ETIS Laboratory/ENSEA, under the supervision of Claudio Weidmann and David Declercq. Her research interests include modern channel coding, cooperative communication and multi-user information theory.

She defended her PhD entitled ‘Coding for cooperative communications: Topics in distributed source coding and relay channels’ on September, 22th, 2015.


PhD Position on Scatter Radio and RFID Tag-to-tag communications for IoT at CITI Lab

Scientific context, research program and objectives

With the emergence of cognitive sensor networks, and notably the Internet of Things, the passive UHF RFID (Ultra-High Frequency Radiofrequency IDentification) technology is evolving with new functionalities and new types of applications outstripping typical logistics, security and traceability applications. Always benefiting of unitary identification, new types of tags are emerging, so-called augmented tags, because they become sensor-tags with new capabilities as environment sensibility, cognitive behavior, data processing, communication between tags, etc.
In this context, the PhD thesis objective is to propose original strategies in order to ensure the communication between two future augmented tags. Recent works demonstrated the sensor-tag concept with tags enable to sense temperature, humidity, crack, vibration, gas, etc. Furthermore, several prototypes of augmented tags have also been proposed integrating until to three sensors, sometimes an actuator, private or shared memory, and microcontroller [1-4]. Otherwise and in parallel, the tag-to-tag communication concept has been introduced also allowing new functionalities, but also requiring additional energy sources (ambient or dedicate ones) especially when the distance between tags is higher than some centimeters [5-6]. Reversely, depending on the application, this very short-range behavior could be used to increase security or ID pairing. More widely, the concept of scatter radio is a hot topic because of its ability to establish communications without emitting any additional radiowaves in the environment. The combination of these two approaches open the way for multiple perspectives but one of main challenges will be to conserve the passive characteristic of tags.
In this context, the objective of the proposed project focuses on the proposition of strategies and methods in order to optimize the tag-to-tag communication depending on the target application. Particularly, the studied scenarios will be discussed in the framework of the Spie ICS – INSA Lyon chair on IoT. It is worth noting that the solutions must consider the EPC Gen 2 standard in order to accelerate their eventual deployment in industrial fields. The expected contributions cover theoretical concepts until experimental aspects associating new strategies, new tag capabilities, new data communication protocols, etc.

Profile of potential candidate

Master in Electrical Engineering or Telecommunication Engineering with excellent skills in microwave, RF systems, and applied signal processing and strong interest for the proposed topic. Good English language skills are also required.

Skills and professional project after PhD

Expert in microwave, specifically in RFID and sensor network, distributed optimization, with strong experience in: modeling, simulation and design of RF circuits / components; software such as ADS, CST, HFSS, Matlab; RF measurement.

Funding and location

This PhD thesis will be fully funding by the Spie ICS – INSA Lyon chair on IoT (http://www.citi-lab.fr/chairs/iot-chair/). The PhD candidate will be hosted in the CITI Lab (http://www.citi-lab.fr/), a research lab associated to INSA Lyon (http://www.insa-lyon.fr) and Inria (http://www.inria.fr).

Supervisors

Guillaume Villemaud (HDR, 50%), Florin Hutu (50%)

References

[1] S. Kim, C. Mariotti, F. alimenti, P. Mezzanote, A. Georgiadis, A. Collado, L. Roselli, M.M. Tentzeris, “No battery required: perpetual RFID-enabled wireless sensors for cognitive intelligence applications,” IEEE Microwave Magazine, vol. 14, no. 5, pp. 66-77, July-August 2013.
[2] B.S. Cook, R. Vyas, S. Kim, T.Thai, T. Le, A. Traille, H. Aubert, M.M. Tentzeris, “RFID-based sensors for zero-power autonomous wireless sensor networks,” IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 2431-2419, August 2014.
[3] C. Occhiuzzi, G. Marrocco, “Constrained-design of passive RFID sensor antennas,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 61, no. 6, pp. 2972-2980, June 2013.
[4] R. Colella, L. Tarricone, L. Catarinucci, “SPARTACUS: self-powered augmented RFID tag for autonomous computing and ubiquitous sensing,” IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 63, no. 5, pp. 2272-2281, May 2015.
[5] P.V. Nikitin, S. Ramamurthy, R. Martinez, K.V.S. Rao, “Passive tag-to-tag communication,” in Proc. IEEE International Conference on RFID, Orlando, US, April 2012.
[6] L. Zhou, F. Hutu, G. Villemaud, Y. Duroc, “Simulation framework for performance evaluation of passive RFID tag-to-tag communication,” European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, France, April 19-24, 2017.


CITI Talk: “Eye Tracking Algorithms”, Prof Radu Gabriel Bozomitu (“Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University, Romania), June 12th, at 11 am in “salle TD-C” ( Claude Chappe Building)

Title

Eye Tracking Algorithms

Abstract

In recent years, the interest in eye detection applications has increased considerably. There are a lot of eye detection methods used in different applications such as neuroscience, psychology, assistive technologies, in order to communicate with disabled patients, computer gaming, monitoring technologies for driver’s fatigue (in commercial and public transport), advertising industry, people identification based on face recognition and eye (iris) detection and in different military applications to help pilots to aim weapons just by looking at a target. A head-mounted eye tracking interface consists of an infrared video camera mounted on a frame glasses right underneath the eye, connected to a PC (or laptop), for eye pupil image acquisition and processing. This device is used to measure the point of gaze or the motion of an eye relative to the head. The presentation will focus on the software component used in eye tracking interfaces for real-time applications, which includes the algorithms for eye image binarization, pupil center detection, system calibration, mapping and ideogram selections. Different types of pupil detection algorithms are comparatively presented: the least squares fitting of ellipse, the RANdom SAmple Consensus (RANSAC) paradigm, the circular/elliptical Hough transform- based approaches, the projection method algorithm, the detection of the maximum dark area centroid in the eye image and the STARBURST algorithm.

Biography

Radu Gabriel Bozomitu received the degree in communications and electronic engineering; the master degree in the field of digital radio-communications; and the Ph.D. degree from the “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology in 1995, 1996 an  2005, respectively. R. G. Bozomitu obtained the PhD advisor position in 2017 and works as professor at the Department of Telecommunications and Information Technologies from Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Information Technology from the “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iaşi. His present interests are in the areas of radio communications, analog integrated circuit design and assistive technology. Courses taught at “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi: “Radio communications“, “VLSI implementation of the radiofrequency circuits” and “Advanced radio communications”. He has edited or co-authored five books on analog VLSI circuits design, radiocommunications and assistive technology.


CITI Talk: “Maximising the Utility of Virtually Sliced Millimetre-Wave Backhauls via a Deep Learning Approach”, Rui Li, PhD student at the University of Edinburgh, Inria antenne

Title

Maximising the Utility of Virtually Sliced Millimetre-Wave Backhauls via a Deep Learning Approach

Abstract

Advances in network programmability enable operators to ‘slice’ the physical infrastructure into independent logical networks. By this approach, each network slice aims to accommodate the demands of increasingly diverse services. Precise allocation of resources to slices across future 5G millimetre-wave backhaul networks, so as to optimise their utility, is however challenging. This is because the performance of different services often depends on conflicting requirements, including bandwidth, sensitivity to delay, or the monetary value of the traffic incurred. In this talk, I will present our recent work in which we propose a general rate utility framework for slicing mm-wave backhaul links, which encompasses all known types of service utilities, i.e. logarithmic, sigmoid, polynomial, and linear. We then employ a deep learning solution to tackle the complexity of optimising non-convex objective functions built upon arbitrary combinations of such utilities. Specifically, using a stack of convolutional blocks, our approach can learn correlations between traffic demands and achievable optimal rate assignments. The proposed solution can be trained within minutes, following which it computes rate allocations that match those obtained with state-of-the-art global optimisation algorithms, yet orders of magnitude faster. This confirms applicability to highly dynamic traffic regimes and we demonstrate up to 62% network utility gains over a baseline greedy approach.